How+is+paper+made?


 * HOW PAPER IS MADE **

Making paper can be done many ways. The most common and modern ways involve many machines chemicals and time.
 * 1) Trees are cut down.
 * 2) The logs are shipped to a paper making factory usually by truck.
 * 3) The logs go through a chipper where multiple different knives slice the logs into tiny thin pieces of wood.
 * 4) The tiny pieces of wood are sent to a machine called a digester where chemicals are mixed with the pulp. This is done to get rid of the trees lignin. Once the chemicals are added the wood fibers the mixture is now pulp. (a lower quality pulp is used to make newsprint, it can be made by machines grinding logs.)
 * 5) The pulp is then washed and bleached, and then put into a mixer, where it is blended with water and minerals such as clay or calcium. The reason this is done is to make sure that the quality of the quality of the paper stays high. In this step dyes are sometimes added to colored paper. Once this step is finished the smooth substance is called a slurry.
 * 6) Once the pulp has been washed and bleached the slurry is fed continuously to a paper making machine. A wire screen belt then carries the fibers, which stick together when water is shaken of the meshed slurry and drained off. Once this is done the wet ribbon of new substance is called a web is called a web. Also as the water that can be drained has been shaken off, vacuums suck off most of the extra water and a roller presses the fibers even closer together.
 * 7) The web then goes through felt colored belts, and heated cylinders that get rid of the last of the excess water that has made it through the drainage and vacuum, when this is do this also dries the paper and helps hold to together.
 * 8) Heated iron pressured rollers press the web into thin slices before the paper is wound into giant roles.
 * 9) The paper is wound into giant roles of paper.
 * 10) The paper is sent to companies to be ut into many shapes and sizes.



These are the three main steps in the papermaking process. Trees are cut down, and then are sent to a factory where they are converted into paper.

Ancient Paper Making

Before 3000 B.C people were being forced to write things down on clay tablets. The thing was that there were many problems with these. First off they were tremendously hard to get ready so that they were able to be written on and were also very hard to other people because they were so heavy. Then at around 3000 B.C the Egyptians found that they could make a lighter writing material out of papyrus reed. They were able to wind this paper like materials into scrolls that were able to be transported easier. Although this method was better that using clay this method still took loads of time to prepare. Also like the Egyptians the Chinese had learned to make scrolls from either silk or bamboo. The Chinese then began finding ways to improve on the amount of time it took to make their form of paper.

This is what ancient Egyptian paper looked like.

What our world would be like without paper

Without paper we would not know many things, there would be many things lacking in our lives. We would have known idea how our ancestors lived back hundreds of years ago. Before we had computers we would have had not form of communication and we could still be writing things down on cave walls or any sort of writing surface we could find. If would be much harder carrying thins around if our writing surfaces were rocks and were very hard to carry around and to transport your message to people instead of sending something as easy as paper. Also without paper architects would not be able to plan carefully and buildings might not be able be exactly according to plan. Without paper many jobs could be eliminated and any people could have to find new work. Without paper we could not possibly have computers and there could not be any internet, YouTube, email, or video games. Also if there were no paper in this world, culture and religion would not thrive throughout this world. The bible or many other religious things that have been written down would not be in existence without paper.

Glossary

Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process Digester: A machine that is used to add chemicals to the pulp of the paper. Lignin: The trees glue like structure Meshed: Pushed or squeezed together. Pulp: Thin slices of wood that have been mixed with chemicals. Pressure: the exertion of force upon a surface by an object, fluid, etc., in contact with it. Slurry: A smooth substance that is made by the pulp having water and chemicals added to it. Wound: to be rolled up

Citations

Custodio, Michelle Anne Leah. "Life Without Paper. Unknown. Unknown. Unknown. Website.

Sheldon, Bill. "How to Make Ancient Egyptian Paper." Demand Media inc. unknown. Unknown. 1999-2012. Website.
 * paper.**" //Compton's by Britannica//. //Encyclopaedia Britannica Online School Edition//.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. Website

Slavin, "Bill, Transformed: How Everyday Things Are Made" Toronto; Tonawanda, NY. Kids Can Press 2007. 2005. Print.

Tomecek, Stephen M. "What A Great Invention That Changed The World." New York, Scholastic Nonfiction, 2003. Unknown. Print.

//Papermaking: winder//. Photograph. //Encyclopedia Britannica//. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. Website.